1987 Mercedes 190D Turbo Restoration
2012
My old Mercedes was nearing 312,000 miles...at which point, it would earn a 500,000 km grille badge from the dealer. The merit badge was in sight when it came up lame, with a bad rear wheel bearing. I invested the better part of a week struggling with the old bearings, and now I had a car with 310,000 miles, and with new wheel bearings and inner CV joints. It was a big investment to make for just a few miles of driving. I began to think about whether I could get a little more out of the car. It had a good rear axle, transmission, engine and suspension. Horrible rust, and lots of broken stuff. But the more I thought about it, the more I realized that it could be saved with a small investment in money and a big investment in time....
The rust-fest. New doors and fenders are the easy way to fix most of it. Fortunately, the rust you see is it, there is nothing structural (other than the sills) as far as I can tell. I will do what I can to repair the sills, then cover them with Mercedes carbon fiber sill covers from a later 190, PN's 201 690 64 40 and 201 690 63 40. 

 

 
Before I attacked the body work, I decided to tackle the various non-working dashboard components. These include the HVAC system, which either blows hot or doesn't work at all. The repair required removing the entire dashboard. It's a little alarming, but believe it or not, I know where everything goes. No, really, I do. 

 
The switchover valve (right) is the heart of the Tempamatic A/C system. It controls a total of five vacuum devices: the heater control valve, the defroster flap control, the temperature blending flap control, the leg flap control, and the outside air control. The mostly complete system is pictured to the left, with the heater control and temperature blending control omitted. 

The switchover valve is behind the right lower corner of the dashboard, tie wrapped to the support member. It can be reached with some effort by removing the glove box liner. The rightmost a/c vent and the air sampler should come out as well, for better access. It can also be reached from below by removing the dash underpanel. Of course, if you're going to remove the entire dash, access is no problem.

There are numerous colorful vacuum tubes which terminate on the valve. There's no substitute for a vacuum testing tool like a Mityvac if you have a problem with Tempamatic. What you need to do is apply vacuum to each control and see if it holds. Note that some controls have two lines, both must hold. The various lines are:

Port 4/3 Green         Temperature Blend Flap (Y'd onto two ports.)
Port 5  Red               Heater Valve
Port 6  Red/Blue       Defroster flap
Port 7  Red/Yellow    Defroster Flap
Port 8  Green/Yellow Outside Air Flap
Port 9  Green/Blue     Outside Air Flap
Port 10 Green/Yellow Leg Flap

Vacuum source is the Green/Red line Y'd to the white manifolds...make sure you're getting vacuum, or the system will always blow hot.

I had two leaky pods...the Defroster Flap and the Temperature Blend Flap. I also replaced the heater valve, because it was an opportune moment.

These are the various vacuum pods. The first photo is the heater control valve, which is located behind the battery and must be reached from under the hood. The second photo shows the valve disassembled: it's just a plastic flap that slides over an o-ring seal. In very little time, these o-rings fail to seal, making temperature regulation difficult. The valve should probably be replaced every 200,000 miles or so. I've had a new spare on the shelf, time for it to get installed.

The third photo shows the leg flap control and the outside air blend flap. These are one in front of the other, roughly located behind the ashtray. Obviously, the upper console has to come out to service them. The only trick to this is that there are two screws in the center vent that hold the console in place. The louvers must come out to remove these screws.

The fourth photo shows the temperature blend flap control and associated rheostat. The only way to access these controls is to remove the entire dash cover. Because of the difficulty of access, both the vacuum pod, the rehostat, and the associated rubber connectors should be replaced together.

The final photo is the defroster flap control in situ. It's wedged in behind the ignition switch. To remove it, you must unplug the wiring harness from the ignition switch. The harness will pop right off, but only if the ignition switch is in the ACC position. 

Progress Report
9/8/2012

The dash is back together. Unfortunately, the job had to be done twice because the first time, the heater still didn't work correctly. Tracing everything out again, the problem turned out to be the five port vacuum switchover valve (the big valve on the right side of the the dash, below the passenger side vent. It had an internal air leak. Once this was diagnosed and replaced, the system began to work correctly again. Moral: check all the vacuum connections, vacuum pods AND the switchover valve before reassembling. 

The center section is a slightly different color (not as dramatic in real life) because the vinyl was torn, with chunks of the underlying foam breaking away. I used epoxy to fill the voids, and semi-gloss spray paint to finish it. 

The dashtop is a Coverlay. The fit was reasonably good. The trick to getting these right is to use folded over cardboard between the windshield and dash cover to  pin it in place until the adhesive dries. The fit isn't perfect, but it beats an old cracked dash top.


 
The nose, exposed. There was significant rust below the headlights, all of that has been welded up. Some parts you don't see too often. The radiator overflow bottle is behind the right fender (who knew?). This is a good opportunity to replace the 25 year old hose. The left fender conceals the reservac bottle. It's function is to maintain the level of vacuum as the various vacuum controls switch on and off. Again, it's a good opportunity to replace old hoses. 

 
Some shots of the sills. The rust is very bad, and very hard to fix. To the left, I've begun welding in patches to repair a large rusty area. I used a cheap rattle can primer to prevent rust between work sessions. In the corners, I have to piece in more than one patch to conform to the difficult shapes. The photo on the right shows the mostly completed repair. The final step will be to use a thin application of filler to provide a finished surface. Appearance isn't critical, since I will be using plastic armor from a later 190 to cap the sills.

Progress Report
9/15/2012

Mercedes21_t.jpg Mercedes27.JPG Mercedes30.JPG

 
How to fix those nasty sills. The sills on an old Mercedes tend to rust out around the jack points. The jack point itself is made of heavy gauge tubing welded to the strongest part of the A or C pillar. Generally, they may have surface rust, but remain strong while the panel falls away around them. This sill is typical on a 25 year old car that's spent it's life on salty winter roads. Because these sills will eventually be covered by factory plastic armor, I'm not overly concerned about appearance, but strength must be restored. 

I'm using a Lincoln flux welder, which isn't ideal for sheet metal repairs, but a little patience always wins the day. The key to flux welding thin material is to keep moving to prevent the plasma from burning through the metal. If the work is getting too hot, remove the torch and allow things to cool. Where possible, using a heat sink behind the work can also help. 

The first step is to cut away rust-weakened metal. As you can see, there is much more rust than was apparent before I started cutting. Once the area is cleaned up, I will trim it to a rectangular opening to simplify shaping the patch. I will also remove all the loose rust that I can reach on the inside and prime.

I made a rectangular patch out of 4130 18ga steel. Since I'm not fully shaping the patch, I needed to extend the jack tube. I do this by welding a length of 3/4" black pipe to the end of the tube (don't attempt to weld galvanized material unless you know exactly what you're doing). I make a matching hole in the patch using a 1 3/16" chassis punch, then slide the patch over the pipe. I only grind the metal to it's final shape after the hole is correct. 

When the fit is right, I tack weld the patch every inch and a half around the edges, and then weld it to the extended jack tube. Next I use a cutoff tool to reduce the jack tube flush with the patch. Finally, I weld around the edges. In the photo, you can see that I've left off a piece at the top of the patch. This is because I didn't feel I could get as good a fit if I did it all as one piece. A second "L" shaped patch now fills this part of the repair. Finally, I work the welds flush with my cutoff tool. 

I coated the completed patch with Bill Hirsch's Miracle Paint, which is a very tough moisture cured urethane primer. Once the primer is dry I will apply a thin coat of plastic filler to produce a smooth surface, ready for paint.
 

Progress Report
(9/22/2012-9/30/2012)


 
Frustratingly slow progress. I had bought two new fenders to replace the rusty originals. The right fender was a very expensive, brand new, Mercedes OEM fender, no problem there. The left was a cheapo ($59) aftermarket replacement. From the moment it arrived, the aftermarket fender was a problem. It had been e-coated, but the prep was poor, and spots of rust were pushing through. I hand sanded the entire fender down to bare metal and re-primed. Fitting the fender turned out to be a nightmare. No matter what I did, the gap between the fender and door was horrible. I called the vendor and asked how to fit it. I was told to bring it to a body shop. Wrong answer. After that call, I decided that being out $59 was better than paying a body shop a couple of hundred to fit a crappy fender. And so I bought an excellent used left fender from Dave Hendy. The two OEM fenders went in with only a little fussing.

I had a huge problem with the hood latch. In the middle of fettling the fenders, the hood just wouldn't release. I could hear the catch moving, yet the hood wouldn't budge. Fortunately, the grille was removed, yet access to the lock mechanism was still not easy. What I ended up having to do was to slightly bend up the lip of the hood, and use a 10mm wrench to remove the two bolts securing the top plate of the latch. Even with the hood open, it took some work to unlatch the plate.  I eventually managed to get it to let go, but don't ask me how. Aside from the mystery of how this happened, the cable is now stretched to the point that I need to replace it. Another lost day.

I also replaced the door lock mechanism in my left door. Once again, I have a car than can be locked. The mechanism is an incredibly tight fit. I'm guessing that at the factory, the door innards must have been installed prior to fitting the door skin. I left a lot of my own skin inside the door manipulating everything into place. And another lost day.

What I haven't done is replaced the doors, although I did buy four inexpensive used doors. As it turns out, the rust in the doors is easily fixable, which makes keeping the old doors a reasonable choice. The used doors haven't gone to waste, as needed a lot of sundry hardware....locks, window motors, door check straps. Enough to have made the purchase worthwhile. When I'm done, I may put the shells on E-Bay, or maybe just stash them away against the day I need them.

Progress Report
10/6/2012


 
Getting close. I've stripped most of the trim, and primed any rough areas. One suggestion I would make to anyone with an old 190 or 300: strip off all the plastic trim and clean thoroughly from time to time. You could have grown potatoes under the trim of this car. 

I coated the entire inside of the trunk with Miracle Paint, it should hold up a while longer. Just a few minor rust spots. Next comes knocking out a few minor dents and a skim coat of plastic here and there but wait... how come my feet are wet?

The front passenger floor extension turned out to be a layer of rust between two layers of rubber. A job for my Lincoln welder. Ever get to the point in a project where you wonder why you started it? Not too proud of these welds. They're strong enough, stronger than they look, but ugly. The material had some rust and dirt, not to mention residual paint and seam sealer. As a result, there was lots of spatter and a sputtering arc. It'll have to to do for now, out of sight, out of mind. The underside will get a layer of plastic and fiberglass, no water will reach the patch.

Progress Report
10/28/2012

It's been a while since my last post. The car is now ready for paint, if and when the weather cooperates. The last few weeks have been devoted to a long list of fidgety prep projects. Dents have been knocked out with a hammer and dolly. Sheet metal flaws have been smoothed, with a thin coat of plastic applied to finish. All patches have been sanded and primed. I removed as much of the trim and chrome as I reasonably could. Finally, the new plastic sills have been installed over the steel sills. The suprise for me was that the plastic sills didn't quite conform to the body. At first, I thought that I had welded in the new sills improperly. But I think that there must have been some subtle change to the chassis between the early and late cars. It took quite a bit of fettling to make them work. But now done, I have to say they look great. I can't wait to see it in paint. 

Progress Report
11/30/2012


 
Just about done. Hurricane Sandy put quite a crimp in the works. The paint shop I was planning to use was closed by flooding, loss of power, loss of phone, etc. After a couple of weeks, I decided to bring it to a regular retail body shop. A little more expensive, but it was in and out, with no surprises. Most of the chrome and blackwork has been reinstalled. I ended up reusing the original grille, becuase the new grille from China flat out didn't fit. New Depo Euro headlights really look nice. The blackwork at the bottom of the doors turned out to be incompatible with the sill cover. This will wait until I have access to table saw, as they need to be trimmed to fit. There's still a long list of to-do's: I need to reinstall the front inner fenders. I'm going to remove the front seats and restuff them, adding seat heaters. I need to find a short that's keeping the central locking from working. I need to figure out why the rear windows don't work. But all in all, I'm happy. Before I forget, here's a little photo tutorial on the front door locks:

One of the problems I had with the central locking system was that it wasn't being triggered from the drivers door. The problem turned out to be that the lock mechanism itself was partially frozen with rust. The story of how to replace an entire lock mechanism is beyond my photography skills. It took a full day to worry it into place. But the lock cylinder itself was damaged as a result...the extension tang was partially broken off, from trying to turn it against the frozen mechanism. Two ugly choices: one was to install a salvaged cylinder, which means having a different key, or buying an expensive new one with matched key from the dealer. I took the middle road: I salvaged a lock cylinder from my spare door, removed the extension, and installed it on the old cylinder. For anyone who has to service their cylinder, here's how. First pry out the two plugs on the door jamb. The big one is actually a holder for the electrical connectors. Behind the lower one is an allen screw than retains the lock cylinder. Loosen this. Once this is done, insert the key in the lock and turn as if you are unlocking, and as you do that, push the key towards the rear of the car. The lock cylinder will slip back about 3/16", and it can be pulled straight out. If you need to replace the extension, just drive out the little roll pin.

I have to admit-The awards almost make it all worthwhile.

Postscript
6/28/2013


No sooner had the body work been completed than the head gasket blew out. With so much work in the car, what's a little more? So I pulled the head. ended up doing valve seats, tappets, fuel injectors, glow plugs, injector delivery valve seals, sensors, hoses, fan clutch, belt tensioner and idler. The turbo was unrebuildable, so I installed a turbo from a 300d 2.5, which involved more changes that I expected. Then when everything was just about done, I dropped two sockets into the timing case, requiring me to drop the oil pan. Well, at least I won't need to revisit the engine for a while. And the car feels great.

Postscript
12/1/2016

Another three years, and still going strong. Turned 400,000 miles.


Useful links:

OEM parts from a real Mercedes dealer      http://www.parts.com
Adsit...good source for body parts         http://www.adsitco.com
Tempamatic guide                                  http://cacavas.com/mb/TTM.html
Replacing wheel bearings (use heavier tools than illustrated)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKYL9_4mXRI
Mercedes master parts manual             http://epc.startekinfo.com/epc/
Coverlay                                                   http://www.coverlaymfg.com
Bill Hirsh                                                http://www.hirshauto.com
Dave Hendy  (dhendy3697 at aol.com)         http://stores.ebay.com/Blitzen-Motorsports